For Egypt...

If I were in charge of Egypt today I would:

1.  Build recycling plants all over Egypt, clean up Cairo city and export recyclables to companies who specialize in recycling garbage and other materials, sending the profits to the people of Egypt.
2.  Build solar panels on the Giza Pyramids, light weight kind so as to not disturb the integrity of the monuments and give them a purpose besides tourism.
3.  Build cities in the desert, like the ones of Dubai, UAE.  Water can come from spent hydrogen fuel cells for energy there.  This will give space for people to expand and not be in Cairo or other cities encroaching on monuments. 

M7 2013.